• context

<aside> 🔥 A group of 9 Black Students enrolled at a formally all-white central high school in Arkansas September 1957 → Their attendance was a test of Brown Vs Education.

</aside>

September 1957, Arkansas

• 'The Little 9' is formed to go the Little Rock High school
• Orval Faubus response to this Announcement
• EIsenhower Response

At the end of the year, What does Faubus do ? (1958)

<aside> 🔥 He closes all of the state schools for an entire year to avoid de-segregation policy, pending a public vote to prevent black attendance.

</aside>

Citizens voted 19,000 to 7500 against integration so schools remained closed.

Little rock high school reopened in August 1959.

What was the Significance of this Event

Creates a mindset within the civil rights movement:

The federal government was a supporter of the civil rights movements, however, it would not engage with the movement unless it was directly motivated to do so

• THUS, Civil rights activities recognises that the need to provoke Crisis in order get federal intervention and gain greater social capital for the civil rights movement.
• the federal gov must enforced the decisions made by the supreme court.